Chapter 5
Customizing Perforce:
Job Specifications
Perforce's jobs feature enables users to link changelists to enhancement requests, problem reports, and other user-defined tasks. Perforce also offers P4DTG (Perforce Defect Tracking Gateway) and P4DTI (Perforce Defect Tracking Integration) as tools for integrating third-party defect tracking tools with Perforce. See "Working with third-party defect tracking systems" on page 101 for details.
The Perforce user's use of p4 job is discussed in the P4 User's Guide. This chapter covers administrator modification of the jobs system.
Perforce's default jobs template has five fields for tracking jobs. These fields are sufficient for small-scale operations, but as projects managed by Perforce grow, the information stored in these fields might be insufficient. To modify the job template, use the p4 jobspec command. You must be a Perforce administrator to use p4 jobspec.
This chapter discusses the mechanics of altering the Perforce job template.
Warning!
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Improper modifications to the Perforce job template can lead to corruption of your server's database. Recommendations, caveats, and warnings about changes to job templates are summarized at the end of this chapter.
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The default Perforce job template
To understand how Perforce jobs are specified, consider the default Perforce job template. The examples that follow in this chapter are based on modifications to the this template.
A job created with the default Perforce job template has this format:
# A Perforce Job Specification.
#
# Job: The job name. 'new' generates a sequenced job number.
# Status: Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed.
# User: The user who created the job. Can be changed.
# Date: The date this specification was last modified.
# Description: Comments about the job. Required.
Job: new
Status: open
User: edk
Date: 1998/06/03 23:16:43
Description:
<enter description here>
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The template from which this job was created can be viewed and edited with p4 jobspec. The default job specification template looks like this:
# A Perforce Job Specification.
#
# Updating this form can be dangerous!
# See 'p4 help jobspec' for proper directions.
Fields:
101 Job word 32 required
102 Status select 10 required
103 User word 32 required
104 Date date 20 always
105 Description text 0 required
Values:
Status open/suspended/closed
Presets:
Status open
User $user
Date $now
Description $blank
Comments:
# A Perforce Job Specification.
#
# Job: The job name. 'new' generates a sequenced job number.
# Status: Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed.
# User: The user who created the job. Can be changed.
# Date: The date this specification was last modified.
# Description: Comments about the job. Required.
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The job template's fields
There are four fields in the p4 jobspec form. These fields define the template for all Perforce jobs stored on your server. The following table shows the fields and field types.
Field / Field Type
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Meaning
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Fields:
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A list of fields to be included in each job.
Each field consists of an ID#, a name, a datatype, a length, and a setting.
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Values:
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A list of fields whose datatype is select.
For each select field, you must add a line containing the field's name, a space, and its list of acceptable values, separated by slashes.
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Presets:
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A list of fields and their default values.
Values can be either literal strings or variables supported by Perforce.
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Comments:
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The comments that appear at the top of the p4 job form.
These comments are also used by P4Win, the Perforce Windows Client.
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The Fields: field
The p4 jobspec field Fields: lists the fields to be tracked by your jobs and specifies the order in which they appear on the p4 job form.
The default Fields: field includes these fields:
Fields:
101 Job word 32 required
102 Status select 10 required
103 User word 32 required
104 Date date 20 always
105 Description text 0 required
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Warning
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Do not attempt to change, rename, or redefine fields 101 through 105. Fields 101 through 105 are used by Perforce and should not be deleted or changed. Use p4 jobspec only to add new fields (106 and above) to your jobs.
- Field 101 is required by Perforce and cannot be renamed nor deleted.
- Fields 102 through 105 are reserved for use by Perforce client programs. Although it is possible to rename or delete these fields, it is highly undesirable to do so. Perforce client programs might continue to set the value of field 102 (the Status: field) to closed upon changelist submission, even if the administrator has redefined field 102 for use as a field that does not contain closed as a permissible value, leading to unpredictable and confusing results.
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Each field must be listed on a separate line. A field comprises the following five separate descriptors.
Field
descriptor
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Meaning
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ID#
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A unique integer identifier by which this field is indexed. After a field has been created and jobs entered into the system, the name of this field can change, but the data becomes inaccessible if the ID number changes.
ID numbers must be between 106 and 199.
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Name
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The name of the field as it should appear on the p4 job form.
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Data Type
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One of five datatypes (word, text, line, select, or date), as described in the next table.
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Length
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The recommended size of the field's text box as displayed in P4Win, the Perforce Windows Client. To display a text box with room for multiple lines of input, use a length of 0; to display a single line, enter the Length as the maximum number of characters in the line.
The value of this field has no effect on jobs edited from the Perforce command line, and it is not related to the actual length of the values stored by the server.
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Persistence
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Determines whether a field is read-only, contains default values, is required, and so on. The valid values for this field are:
- optional: the field can take any value or can be deleted.
- default: a default value is provided, but it can be changed or erased.
- required: a default is given; it can be changed but the field can't be left empty.
- once: read-only; the field is set once to a default value and is never changed.
- always: read-only; the field value is reset to the default value when the job is saved. Useful only with the $now variable to change job modification dates, and with the $user variable to change the name of the user who last modified the job.
In version 98.2 of Perforce, a field's persistence was specified in a very different way. If you have upgraded from 98.2, no conversion need be done; the old persistences will appear in the p4 jobspec form in the new template.
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Fields have the following five datatypes.
Field Type
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Explanation
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Example
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word
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A single word.
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A userid: edk
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text
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A block of text that can span multiple lines
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A job's description
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line
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One line of text
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A user's real name: Ed K.
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select
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One of a set of values
Each field with datatype select must have a corresponding line in the Values: field entered into the job specification.
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A job's status. One of:
open/suspended/closed
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date
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A date value
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The date and time of job creation:
1998/07/15:13:21:46
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The Values: fields
You specify the set of possible values for any field of datatype select by entering lines in the Values: field. Each line should contain the name of the field, a space, and the list of possible values, separated by slashes.
In the default Perforce job specification, the Status: field is the only select field, and its possible values are defined as follows:
Values:
Status open/suspended/closed
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Note
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Prior to version 2000.1 of Perforce, the Values: and Presets: fields were specified differently.
If you have scripts that rely on the old style of jobspecs, you might have to modify them. (Scripts that manipulate jobs, but not jobspecs, do not require modification.)
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The Presets: field
All fields with a persistence of anything other than optional require default values. To assign a default value to a field, create a line in the jobspec form under Presets, consisting of the field name to which you're assigning the default value. Any single-line string can be used as a default value.
The following variables are available for use as default values.
Variable
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Value
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$user
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The Perforce user creating the job, as specified by the P4USER environment or registry variable, or as overridden with p4 -u username job
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$now
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The date and time at the moment the job is saved
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$blank
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The text <enter description here>
When users enter jobs, any fields in your jobspec with a preset of $blank must be filled in by the user before the job is added to the system.
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The lines in the Presets: field for the standard jobs template are:
Presets:
Status open
User $user
Date $now
Description $blank
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The Comments: field
The Comments: field supplies the comments that appear at the top of the p4 job form. Because p4 job does not automatically tell your users the valid values of select fields, which fields are required, and so on, your comments must tell your users everything they need to know about each field.
Each line of the Comments: field must be indented by at least one tab stop from the left margin, and must begin with the comment character #.
The comments for the default p4 job template appear as:
Comments:
# A Perforce Job Specification.
# Job: The job name. 'new' generates a sequenced job number.
# Status: Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed
# User: The user who created the job. Can be changed.
# Date: The date this specification was last modified.
# Description: Comments about the job. Required.
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If you administer a Perforce server and your users use P4Win, the Perforce Windows Client, you must take extra care when writing your comments.
P4Win displays these comments in two ways:
- When the P4Win user creates or edits a job and clicks the Form Info button in the job dialog box, a popup window displays the comments.
- As the mouse cursor moves over each field, the first line of the comment following the colon after the field name in the jobspec is displayed in a ToolTip. The remainder of each of these lines is displayed as the ToolTip for the field that matches the first word of the line. Only the first line of the comment is displayed.
- For instance, the ToolTip for the Status: field in the preceding jobspec reads:
Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed
Caveats, warnings, and recommendations
Although the material in this section has already been presented elsewhere in this chapter, it is important enough to bear repeating. Please follow the guidelines presented here when editing job specifications with p4 jobspec.
Warning!
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Please read and understand the material in this section before you attempt to edit a job specification.
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- Do not attempt to change, rename, or redefine fields 101 through 105. These fields are used by Perforce and should not be deleted or changed. Use p4 jobspec only to add new fields (106 and above) to your jobs.
- Field 101 is required by Perforce and cannot be renamed nor deleted.
- Fields 102 through 105 are reserved for use by Perforce client programs. Although it is possible to rename or delete these fields, it is highly undesirable to do so. Perforce client programs might continue to set the value of field 102 (the Status: field) to closed upon changelist submission, even if the administrator has redefined field 102 for use as a field that does not contain closed as a permissible value, leading to unpredictable and confusing results.
- After a field has been created and jobs have been entered, do not change the field's ID number. Any data entered in that field through p4 job will be inaccessible.
- Field names can be changed at any time. When changing a field's name, be sure to also change the field name in other p4 jobspec fields that reference this field name. For example, if you create a new field 106 named severity and subsequently rename it to bug-severity, then the corresponding line in the jobspec's Presets: field must be changed to bug-severity to reflect the change.
- The comments that you write in the Comments: field are the only way to let your users know the requirements for each field. Make these comments understandable and complete. These comments are treated specially in P4Win, the Perforce Windows Client. For P4Win ToolTip compatibility, the first line of each field's comment should be understandable if read on its own.
Example: a custom template
The following example shows a more complicated jobspec and the resulting job form:
# A Custom Job Specification.
#
# Updating this form can be dangerous!
# See 'p4 help jobspec' for proper directions.
Fields:
101 Job word 32 required
102 Status select 10 required
103 User word 32 required
104 Date date 20 always
111 Type select 10 required
112 Priority select 10 required
113 Subsystem select 10 required
114 Owned_by word 32 required
105 Description text 0 required
Values:
Status open/closed/suspended
Type bug/sir/problem/unknown
Priority A/B/C/unknown
Subsystem server/gui/doc/mac/misc/unknown
Presets:
Status open
User setme
Date $now
Type setme
Priority unknown
Subsystem setme
Owned_by $user
Description $blank
Comments:
# Custom Job fields:
# Job: The job name. 'new' generates a sequenced job number.
# Status: Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed
# User: The user who created the job. Can be changed.
# Date: The date this specification was last modified.
# Type: The type of the job. Acceptable values are
# 'bug', 'sir', 'problem' or 'unknown'
# Priority: How soon should this job be fixed?
# Values are 'a', 'b', 'c', or 'unknown'
# Subsystem: One of server/gui/doc/mac/misc/unknown
# Owned_by: Who's fixing the bug
# Description: Comments about the job. Required.
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The order of the listing under Fields: in the p4 jobspec form determines the order in which the fields appear to users in job forms; fields need not be ordered by numeric identifier.
Running p4 job against the example custom jobspec displays the following job form:
# Custom Job fields:
# Job: The job name. 'new' generates a sequenced job number.
# Status: Either 'open', 'closed', or 'suspended'. Can be changed
# User: The user who created the job. Can be changed.
# Date: The date this specification was last modified.
# Type: The type of the job. Acceptable values are
# 'bug', 'sir', 'problem' or 'unknown'
# Priority: How soon should this job be fixed?
# Values are 'a', 'b', 'c', or 'unknown'
# Subsystem: One of server/gui/doc/mac/misc/unknown
# Owned_by: Who's fixing the bug
# Description: Comments about the job. Required.
Job: new
Status: open
User: setme
Type: setme
Priority: unknown
Subsystem: setme
Owned_by: edk
Description:
<enter description here>
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Working with third-party defect tracking systems
Perforce currently offers two independent platforms to integrate Perforce with third-party defect tracking systems. Both platforms allow information to be shared between Perforce's job system and external defect tracking systems.
P4DTG, the Perforce Defect Tracking Gateway, is a closed-source integrated platform that includes both a graphical configuration editor and a replication engine.
P4DTI, Perforce Defect Tracking and Integration, is an open-source product available under a FreeBSD-like license.
P4DTG, The Perforce Defect Tracking Gateway
The Perforce Defect Tracking Gateway (P4DTG) includes a graphical configuration editor that you can use to control the relationship between Perforce jobs and the external system. Propagation of the data between the two systems is coordinated by a replication engine. P4DTG comes with a plug-in for Mercury's Quality Center 9.0.
For more information, see the product page at:
Available from this page are an overview of P4DTG's capabilities, the download for P4DTG itself, and a link to the Perforce Defect Tracking Gateway Guide, which describes how to install and configure the gateway to replicate data between a Perforce server and a defect tracker.
P4DTI, Perforce Defect Tracking Integration
P4DTI is open source and available under a FreeBSD-like license, and can be extended to other products; TeamTrack and Bugzilla are the first two integrations published. To get started with P4DTI, see the P4DTI product information page at:
Available from this page are the TeamTrack and Bugzilla implementations, an overview of P4DTI's capabilities, and a kit (including source code and developer documentation) for building integrations with other products or in-house systems.
Building your own integration
Even if you don't use Perforce's integrations as your starting point, you can still use Perforce's job system as the interface between Perforce and your defect tracker. Depending on the application, the interface you set up will consist of one or more of the following:
- A trigger or script on the defect tracking system side that adds, updates, or deletes a job in Perforce every time a bug is added, updated, or deleted in the defect tracking system.
- The third-party system should generate the data and pass it to a script that reformats the data to resemble the form used by a manual (interactive) invocation of p4 job. The script can then pipe the generated form to the standard input of a p4 job -i command.
- (The -i flag to p4 job is used when you want p4 job to read a job form directly from the standard input, rather than using the interactive "form-and-editor" approach typical of user operations. Further information on automating Perforce with the -i option is available in the Perforce Command Reference.)
- A trigger on the Perforce side that checks changelists being submitted for any necessary bug fix information.
- A Perforce review daemon that checks successfully submitted changelists for job fixes and issues the appropriate commands to update the corresponding data in your defect tracking system.
For more about triggers and review daemons, including examples, see "Scripting Perforce: Triggers and Daemons" on page 103.
Please send comments and questions about this manual to
[email protected].
Copyright 1999-2007 Perforce Software. All rights reserved.
Last updated: 11/29/07